Health Law Advisor

A federal appeals court panel in New Orleans is poised to uphold a lower court ruling enjoining the enforcement of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) requirement that most private health insurance cover recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (Task Force).

On March 4, 2024, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit heard oral arguments in Braidwood v Becerra, a case challenging the constitutionality of the ACA requirement that most forms of private health coverage include certain recommended preventive services. The panel of three judges ...

From our Thought Leaders in Health Law video series: Braidwood v. Becerra represents a significant legal challenge to the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) preventive services coverage provision, which requires private health insurance to cover various clinical preventive services, including immunizations; services rated A or B by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; and women's preventive services, such as contraceptives.

Employer plaintiffs have contested the law on moral and religious grounds, particularly objecting to coverage for HIV prevention medication ...

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast: Under the Biden administration, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services published a health equity framework that drastically changed the playing field for health plans and other risk-bearing entities.

In the wake of these changes, how can health plans, accountable care organizations, and other similar stakeholders successfully create and administer social determinants of health interventions as a means to advance health equity?

On this episode, Epstein Becker Green attorneys Jackie Selby, Kevin Malone, and Marjorie Scher discuss the recent national focus on health equity, the actionable interventions behind the concept, and the responsibility of stakeholders in making care delivery more equitable.

From our Thought Leaders in Health Law video series: The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) introduces significant changes in prescription drug pricing, including the establishment of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program and the Medicare Prescription Drug Inflation Rebate Program to control drug prices.

The IRA includes a redesign of the Medicare Part D benefit, which began with the announcement of 10 Medicare Part D drugs open for negotiation. This video highlights the challenges and complexities during the multi-year IRA implementation and emphasizes the penalties for ...

Beginning June 21, 2023, New York State (NYS) Public Health Law (PHL) Section 2830 requires hospitals and healthcare professionals to provide written notice to patients before the patient is charged a facility fee.

Overview of Hospital Billing

Billing by hospitals and certain medical facilities typically involves a combination of a facility fee and a professional fee. Facility fees account for the overhead costs of maintaining a hospital, or other health care facility, and refer to the payments for services provided by the hospital, or other health care facility, for either ...

On August 24, 2023, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued an opinion and order in Texas Medical Association, et al. v. United States Department of Health and Human Services(“HHS”)(“TMA III”). TMA III challenged certain portions of the July 2021 No Surprises Act (“NSA”) interim final rules proposed by the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, and Treasury, along with the Office of Personnel Management (the “Departments”).  In a decision that significantly levels the field for providers, the District Court ruled in part ...

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast:  In July, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services made significant headway in its implementation of the drug pricing provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).

How can stakeholders respond to, implement, and comply with all these new provisions? On this episode, hear from special guest Sylvia Yu, Vice President and Senior Counsel of Federal Programs at PhRMA.

Sylvia and Epstein Becker Green attorneys Connie Wilkinson and Alexis Boaz discuss the recent updates on the quickly moving implementation of the drug pricing provisions under the IRA and the industry’s response.

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast:  The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), signed into law in August 2022, included significant and controversial drug-pricing provisions.

What key compliance issues must industry stakeholders consider as these provisions are put into effect?

On this episode, Epstein Becker Green attorneys Leslie Norwalk, Connie Wilkinson, and Alexis Boaz discuss key considerations for the health care and life sciences industry as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services works its way through the initial stages of ...

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast:  The Biden administration has released a series of rules and guidance to implement the No Surprises Act, which went into effect on January 1. All providers and facilities must now provide a good faith estimate to uninsured and self-pay patients scheduling appointments for services or upon request.

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast:  The No Surprises Act (NSA) will go into effect on January 1, 2022. Since our last episode on the topic, the federal government has issued additional interim final rules and guidance to implement the NSA, including the second interim final rule. In addition to describing how the NSA interacts with the plan external review procedures, the second interim final rule describes the independent dispute resolution (IDR) process and how the IDR’s determination is made.

Attorneys Helaine Fingold, Lesley Yeung, and Alexis Boaz dive into how these changes impact entities subject to the NSA’s balance billing prohibitions.

From our Thought Leaders in Health Law video series:  Is your organization ready for the No Surprises Act (NSA)? The law goes into effect January 1, 2022, and contains a new federal ban on surprise billing as well as new disclosure requirements.

The NSA applies to certain payors, providers, facilities, and ancillary service entities that support patients who receive emergency services or other non-emergency services at certain facilities, such as hospitals, hospital outpatient departments, and ambulatory surgical centers.

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast:  On December 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the No Surprises Act as part of the $2.3 billion Consolidated Appropriations Act. Recently, the Biden administration issued its first interim final rule in order to implement this act, which will go into effect on January 1, 2022. While the goal is to protect patients from surprise billing, the law will also impose significant compliance burdens on plans, providers, and facilities.

Epstein Becker Green attorneys Helaine Fingold, Bob Hearn, and Alexis ...

In this episode of the Diagnosing Health Care Podcast, dive into the Biden Administration's first 100 days in office and the potential executive orders, regulations, and new legislation with noteworthy health care policy implications.

Epstein Becker Green attorneys Ted Kennedy, Philo Hall, and Paulina Grabczak discuss President Biden’s priorities, including his COVID-19 response plan, and examines which "midnight rules" put in place by the Trump Administration could be intercepted or retained.

The Diagnosing Health Care podcast series examines the business ...

Based on their extensive experience advising health care industry clients, Epstein Becker Green attorneys and strategic advisors from EBG Advisors are predicting the “hot” health care sectors for investment, growth, and consolidation in 2020.  These predictions for 2020 are largely based on the increasing confluence of the following three key “drivers” of health industry transformation that is substantially underway:

1. The ongoing national imperative of reducing the cost of health care, via disease prevention and detection, and cost-effective, quality treatment, including more efficient care in ambulatory and retail settings;
2. Extraordinary advances in technologies which enhance disease prevention, detection and cost-effective treatment (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnosis and treatment, virtual care, electronic medical record (EMR) systems, medical devices, gene therapy, and precision medicine); and
3. The aging baby-boomer population, with tens of millions of Americans entering into their 70s, 80s, and above.

On November 19, 2018, the FDA submitted a proposal to the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to approve a review that will assess current communication practices between FDA review staff and Investigational New Drug (IND) sponsors.  The FDA has contracted with Eastern Research Group (ERG) to determine whether the current mode of communication between these parties needs to be adapted moving forward.  Depending on the results of this review, communication practices and requirements could be altered, which might have an effect on the IND application process. Possible ...

On November 30, 2018, the Department for Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Health Resources and Services Administration (“HRSA”) will publish its final rule to change the effective date for its 340B Drug Pricing Program ceiling price and manufacturer civil monetary penalty final rule to January 1, 2019.

After two years of proposed rulemaking, HHS published a final rule on January 5, 2017 outlining requirements of manufacturers to calculate the 340B ceiling price for a covered outpatient drug and the process by which HRSA can levy civil monetary penalties on drug ...

On November 2, 2018 CMS announced the finalization of the 2019 OPPS and ASC payment rules which were initially proposed in July of 2018.[1] [2] While the final document will not be officially published until November 21st, an Inspection Copy is available for the public to review on the Federal Register website. These new payment rules in many ways expand the range of services that CMS will reimburse when performed at Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs), most notably, by including certain cardiac catheterization procedures on the approved list, and by lowering the threshold that ...

Massachusetts employers with six or more employees are required to annually submit the new Health Insurance Responsibility Disclosure (“HIRD”) form, regardless of whether they offer health insurance to their employees or not. The Massachusetts Department of Revenue (DOR) recently issued guidance on the new HIRD reporting requirements. An individual is considered to be an employee if the employer has included such individual in the quarterly wage report to the Department of Unemployment Assistance during the past 12 months. The new HIRD form only consists of a single ...

On October 25, 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) to solicit feedback on its newly proposed International Pricing Index (IPI) model for Medicare Part B drug reimbursement.  The IPI model will be tested by the CMS Innovation Center as a potential means to dismantle and replace the current buy-and-bill model and advance the Trump Administration’s agenda for drug pricing reform, as described in its May 2018 Blueprint to Lower Drug Prices and Reduce Out-of-Pocket Costs.  The framework of the IPI model is ...

Recent comments by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Commissioner Rohit Chopra should have companies on notice for increased enforcement actions across the board. During the “Privacy. Security. Risk.” Conference in Texas last week, Chopra made comments regarding his views on increasing enforcement, including the imposition of greater civil monetary penalties. “I’ve already raised concerns about settlements we do with no monetary penalties. I want to see monetary consequences for egregious breaking of the law” said Chopra as reported by the IAPP during a live ...

On October 15, 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) unveiled its proposed rule requiring direct-to-consumer television advertisements for prescription drug and biological products to contain the list price (defined as the Wholesale Acquisition Cost) if the product is reimbursable by Medicare or Medicaid. Medical devices are not included in the proposed rule, although CMS seeks comment on how advertised drugs should be treated if used in combination with a non-advertised device. If finalized, the requirement will be sweeping and only purports to exclude ...

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (“CMS”) recently announced its intent to expand what may be considered “supplemental benefits,” broadening the scope of items and services that could be offered to Medicare Advantage (“MA”) plan enrollees over and above the benefits covered under original Medicare. However, in articulating the standards for covering this broadened group of items and services, CMS proposed a new requirement that could greatly limit enrollees’ ability to access all types of supplemental benefits and increase the already ...

Over the past week, the White House administration (the “Administration”) has issued two documents addressing drug pricing. First, on February 9, 2018, the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers released a white paper titled “Reforming Biopharmaceutical Pricing at Home and Abroad” (the “White Paper”).  Second, on February 12, 2018, the Administration issued its 2019 Budget Proposal (“2019 Budget”).

Whereas the recommendations set forth in the White Paper are more conceptual or exploratory, the 2019 Budget purportedly reflects the ...

In the last couple of months, ballot initiatives have significantly affected health policy and the health industry as a whole. Constituents are becoming more involved in policy matters that have traditionally been left to elected officials in state legislatures. On January 25, 2018, Oregon held a special election for a ballot initiative that asked whether Oregonians would support funding the state Medicaid program by taxing health plans and hospitals. The ballot initiative passed with a margin of 62 percent of voters supporting the measure. The measure proposed a 1.5 percent ...

The National Defense Authorization Act (“NDAA”) - passed in late 2016 - provides numerous changes to military health care. One of the changes, NDAA Sec. 706, establishes the Military-Civilian Integrated Health Care Delivery Systems – a sweeping new change for the Defense Health Agency (“DHA”) and the Military Treatment Facilities (“MTFs”) to provide health care services for non-active duty beneficiaries through partnerships with the private sector.

These private sector partnerships require the Secretary of Defense by January 1, 2018, to enter into Memoranda ...

In an Advisory Opinion dated October 20, 2017, to Crouse Health Hospital ("Crouse Hospital"), the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") agreed that the Non-Profit Institutions Act ("NPIA") would protect the sale of discounted drugs from Crouse Hospital to the employees, retirees, and their dependents of an affiliated medical practice (Crouse Medical Practice, PLLC) ("Medical Practice") from antitrust liability under the Robinson-Patman Act.  Significantly, the FTC provided this advice despite the fact that the Medical Practice is a for-profit entity, and is not owned by Crouse ...

On November 1, 2017, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service ("CMS") released the Medicare Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System ("OPPS") final rule ("Final Rule"), finalizing a Medicare payment reduction from Average Sales Price ("ASP") + 6% to ASP - 22.5%, for 340B discounted drugs in the hospital outpatient setting, as was proposed in the OPPS proposed rule earlier this year. This payment reduction is effective January 1, 2018, and would primarily impact disproportionate share hospitals, rural referral centers, and non-rural sole community hospitals.

340B ...

Our colleague Robert F. Atlas, President of EBG Advisors, Inc., published an advisory that will be of interest to stakeholders in the health care industry: The After-Effects of Graham-Cassidy's Demise.

Following is an excerpt:

Taken together, the failure of the ACA repeal-and-replace effort (for now) bodes well for health care providers. The percentage of the population that's covered—and thus is less likely to represent uncompensated care for providers—will remain fairly high, notwithstanding some erosion if the individual market isn't bolstered.

Similarly, insurers ...

Many health care providers rely on a worked relative value unit ("wRVU") based compensation model when structuring financial relationships with physicians. While wRVUs are considered an objective and fair method to compensate physicians, payments made on a wRVU basis do not always offer a blanket protection from liability under the Federal Stark Law.  As recent settlements demonstrate, wRVU based compensation arrangements that are poorly structured or improperly implemented can result in significant liability.

The wRVU physician compensation model is particularly favored ...

Recently, Judge Robert T. Conrad, Jr. of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina (Charlotte Division), rejected efforts by The Charlotte- Mecklenberg Hospital Authority, doing business as the Carolinas Health Care System ("CHS"), to dismiss, at the pleadings stage, a complaint filed by the United States' Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, and the State of North Carolina, asserting that CHS's anti-steering provisions in its payer contracts unreasonably restrain trade in violation of section 1 of the Sherman Act. Recognizing the ...

In 2016, the populist trend in American politics was an undeniable factor behind Trump's election victory as well as the ascendancy of Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren within the Democratic Party.  During upcoming months, industry observers will be looking for signs as to whether drug pricing is an area in which both parties can agree on instituting significant legislative action at the state and federal levels.  The nature and shape of any such reforms will be highly consequential for the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, which has served as a prime source of innovation in medicine.  ...

If your organization has missed an opportunity to participate in the voluntary Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Initiatives and/or the mandatory CJR program, CMS' Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation has issued a proposed rule introducing three new mandatory Episode Payment Models (EPMs) and a Cardiac Rehabilitation incentive payment model intended to be tested with a broad scope of hospitals which may not have otherwise participated in innovative payment model testing.

In the proposed rule issued August 2, 2016, CMS introduced EPMs for Acute Myocardial infarction ...

In its recent decision in U.S. House of Representatives v. Burwell,[1] the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the Obama administration's payment of cost-sharing subsidies for enrollees in plans offered through the Affordable Care Act's Exchanges is unauthorized for lack of Congressional appropriation. The decision would affect future cost-sharing subsidies, though the court immediately stayed the decision pending its outcome on appeal.[2]

In its decision, the court found in favor of the members of the House of Representatives, based upon its ...

In its Fiscal Year 2017 Private Insurance Legislative Proposals, President Obama's Budget contains a provision seeking to "eliminate surprise out-of-network healthcare charges for privately insured patients." Described as an attempt to "promote transparency on price, cost, and billing for consumers," this measure requires hospitals and physicians to collaborate so that patients receiving treatment at in‐network facilities do not face unexpected charges from out‐of‐network practitioners. This provision could have far-reaching effects, potentially impacting ...

In February 2012, two years after the passage of the Affordable Care Act ("ACA"), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") issued a proposed rule, which was subject to significant public comment, concerning reporting and returning certain Medicare overpayments ("Proposed Rule"). On February 12, 2016, four years from the issuance of the Proposed Rule (and six years after passage of the ACA), CMS issued the final rule, which becomes effective on March 14, 2016 ("A and B Final Rule").

The A and B Final Rule applies only to providers and suppliers under Medicare Parts A and B ...

We recently wrote about the many failures of health insurance co-ops created under the Affordable Care Act ("ACA"), and the impact of those failures on providers and other creditors, consumers, and taxpayers.

As we described, nonprofit co-op insurers were intended to increase competition and provide less expensive coverage to consumers; however, low prices, lack of adequate government funding, restrictions on the use of federal loans for marketing, and low risk corridor payments from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services created financial challenges for these ...

On September 28, 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") issued a request for information ("RFI") seeking comments on two key components of the physician payment reform provisions included in the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ("MACRA"), the law enacted on April 16, 2015, repealing the sustainable growth rate formula used to update payment rates under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.  The RFI was originally open for a 30-comment period.  However, CMS has announced that it is extending the comment period for an additional 15 days.  Comments ...

On Wednesday, October 14, 2015, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (the "Court"), Judge Rudolph Contreras, vacated the Health Resources and Services Administration's ("HRSA") interpretive rule on Orphan Drugs ("the Interpretative Rule") as "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law."^[1]  As a result of the ruling, pharmaceutical manufacturers are not required to provide 340B discounts to certain types of covered entities for Orphan Drugs, even when the drugs are prescribed for uses other than to treat the rare ...

The Health Resources and Services Administration ("HRSA") issued a notice proposing guidance under the 340B Drug Pricing Program.  The proposed Omnibus Guidance was issued in pre-publication format and is available online at https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2015-21246.pdf.  The notice is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on August 28, 2015 and will be available at https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/08/28/2015-21246/guidance-340b-drug-pricing-program-omnibus.

HRSA intends to finalize the proposed ...

On Tuesday, September 1, 2015, from 1:00 PM to 2:00 PM ET, George Breen, Chair of Epstein Becker Green's National Health Care and Life Sciences Practice Steering Committee, will co-present "Opportunities and Obstacles: Preparing for the Transition to the ICD-10 Code Set," a webinar hosted by Bloomberg BNA.

With the transition to the ICD-10 code set coming in October, the health-care industry is grappling with adopting new technology and making last-minute preparations. The switch to ICD-10 also presents new opportunities to increase productivity and improve patient ...

In a split decision announced today, June 25, the U.S. Supreme Court, in King v. Burwell, ruled in upholding the tax credits to individuals in all states, including those with only a federal exchange.  In a 6-3 decision, Chief Justice Roberts delivered the opinion of the Court.

"Congress passed the Affordable Care Act to improve health insurance markets, not to destroy them. If at all possible, we must interpret the Act in a way that is consistent with the former, and avoids the latter. Section 36B can fairly be read consistent with what we see as Congress's plan, and that is the reading we ...

CMS announced on February 13  (and to be published in a Federal Register notice this week) that despite the general guideline that final rules be issued within 3 years of a proposed or interim final rule, CMS will be taking an additional year to finalize the "Medicare Program; Reporting and Returning of Overpayments" final rule.   In February 2012 (see EBG's February 22, 2012 Client Alert), CMS issued a proposed rule on the requirements under the ACA to report and return overpayments within 60 days to the Medicare program for providers and suppliers of services under Parts A and B.  CMS ...

By Arthur J. Fried.

In what is being called an historic announcement, Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell announced on Monday the setting of clear goals and timeframes for moving Medicare from volume to value payments.  The stated goals are to tie 30% of all Medicare provider payments to quality and cost of care by 2016, moving to 50% by 2018.   Nearly all fee-for-service payments will be aligned with quality and value – 85% by 2016 and 90% in 2018.  This transformation will be achieved by the expansion of mechanisms already in use – Accountable Care ...

On November 13, 2014, CMS published the 2015 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule ("MPFS") finalizing the following changes to the Sunshine Open Payments regulations.  The MPFS:

1. Deleted  the provision exempting certain payments to CME providers from the reporting requirements;
2. Added  three new forms of payment designations;
3. Made  the reporting of the marketed name of a covered device no longer optional; and
4. Deleted the definition of covered device.

These changes will be effective January 1, 2016, with reports to CMS in 2017.

(A summary of the final Open Payment regulations can be accessed ...

Only last week, we informed you of the Supreme Court's somewhat surprising grant of cert. in the Fourth Circuit case of King v. Burwell, in which the court of appeals had upheld the government's view that the Affordable Care Act makes federal premium tax credits available to taxpayers in all states, even where the federal government, not the state, has set up an exchange.

The Administration has taken something of a PR buffeting in the week following, after its principal ACA technical advisor's comments on this issue were made public.

In any event, we suggested that the scheduled DC ...

Everyone is talking about Ebola, including the risk of contracting it, treatment for those who do contract it, and protection for those who treat patients who have it.  There has been very little discussion, though, about how to pay for the costs of treating Ebola patients, including whether health insurance will cover the treatment and pay the providers.

Most health insurance coverage that complies with the ACA minimum essential coverage standards will cover the costs of medically necessary hospitalization and physician services.  However, many of those policies have significant ...

In something of a surprise, the Supreme Court today granted certiorari in the Fourth Circuit case of King v. Burwell, in which the court of appeals had upheld the government's view that the Affordable Care Act makes federal premium tax credits available to taxpayers in all states, even where the federal government, not the state, has set up an exchange. In doing so, the Supreme Court rebuffed the Solicitor General's request that the Court decline cert. as various cases worked their way through the Courts of Appeals.

It was only a few days ago that the government had filed a brief in ...

On October 29, 2014, the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals ("OMHA") hosted its second Medicare Appellant Forum ("Forum") to address the status of the Medicare appeals backlog and related processing delays of Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") appeals, which are the third level of the Medicare appeals process that is available to suppliers, providers, and Medicare beneficiaries to challenge denied claims. Last week's Forum was a follow-up to OMHA's February 2014 Appellant Forum, which offered few assurances to stakeholders at the time that any effective remedies to the ...

As you may recall, a DC Circuit panel held that the Affordable Care Act makes federal premium tax credits available to taxpayers only in States where the State has established an exchange – which is what the ACA literally provides. On the same day, the Fourth Circuit issued a contrary decision in King v. Burwell, accepting the government's argument that where HHS sets up an exchange in a State, that is a State exchange. The same argument is being made by the appellant (the government lost in District Court) in Oklahoma ex rel. Scott Pruitt v. Burwell, which is pending before the 10th ...

Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors, as part of the Thought Leaders in Population Health Speaker Series, will host a complimentary webinar titled The Impact of Value-Based Purchasing and Other Employee Initiatives on Population Health.  This session will discuss several approaches for population health managers to reduce costs and improve health care.

The webinar, scheduled for November 20, 2014, at 12:00 p.m. ET, will be led by Laurel Pickering, MPH, President & CEO of Northeast Business Group on Health, and David Lansky, PhD, President & CEO of Pacific Business Group on ...

Epstein Becker Green today announced that Lynn Shapiro Snyder and Tanya Cramer have written a newly released topical Portfolio for Bloomberg BNA on provider risk sharing arrangements entitled, "Accountable Care Organizations and Other Provider Risk Sharing Arrangements, 2nd edition." The Portfolio discusses the federal and state regulatory schemes for accountable care organizations (ACOs), integrated delivery systems, and other provider organizations that assume some or all of the financial risk for providing covered health care benefits to patients.  For ...

Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors, as part of the Thought Leaders in Population Health Speaker Series, will host a complimentary webinar titled Moving to an Integrated Population Health Management Model. This session will highlight several approaches to help manage populations to promote better clinical outcomes, more cost savings and enhanced patient satisfaction.

The webinar, scheduled for October 30, 2014 at 12:00 p.m. ET, will be led by Sarika Aggarwal, MD, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Fallon Community Health Plan, and Julie O'Brien, RN, BSN, MS ...

By Stuart Gerson

The September 30, 2014 decision of a United States District Judge for Eastern District of Oklahoma in the case of State v. Burwell  adds an interesting wrinkle to the debate over whether the provision in the Affordable Care Act that authorizes federal subsidies (tax credits) applies to individuals who are covered by  a qualified health plan that is enrolled through an Exchange established by the Federal government, not a State.  An IRS Rule (26 C.F.R.§ 1.36B-1(k)) allows this, while the ACA itself bases eligibility on participation in a plan that was "enrolled in ...

Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors, as part of the Thought Leaders in Population Health Speaker Series, will host a complimentary webinar on September 30, 2014 on emerging trends in value-based purchasing in health care. The next session will feature a former key official from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Gary Cohen, JD, who played a central role in the implementation of the Affordable Care Act over the past several years and is moderated by Lynn Shapiro Snyder, Senior Member, Epstein Becker Green.  The session, The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on ...

By Stuart Gerson

In the wake of the Hobby Lobby ruling with respect to the Affordable Care Act's contraceptive coverage mandate, the Administration (which already has taken steps to fund contraception for employees affected by their employers' exemption) is attempting also to deal with the issue by a recently-published DHHS regulation setting forth the procedures that "religious" employers might follow to gain exemption from having to provide contraceptive coverage in their sponsored health plans. The proposed rule covers both religious not-for-profits and closely held ...

Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors, as part of the Thought Leaders in Population Health Speaker Series, will host a complimentary webinar in August on emerging trends in value-based purchasing in health care. The session, Population Health Strategies for Employer-Based Coverage, will assess how employers and other health plan sponsors are developing new programs to promote enhanced clinical and financial outcomes for the groups and populations they manage. In particular, speakers will highlight how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is influencing population health ...

By Constance Wilkinson, Alan Arville, and Jonathan Hoerner

On July 23, 2014, the Health Resources and Services Administration ("HRSA") issued an "interpretive rule" entitled "Implementation of the Exclusion of Orphan Drugs for Certain Covered Entities under the 340B Program" (the "Interpretive Rule").[1] The Interpretive Rule follows the ruling by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on May 23, 2014, that vacated the final rule previously released by HRSA on the treatment of orphan drugs under the 340B program (the "Final Rule").[2]

By way of background, the 340B ...

By Adam C. Solander, Kara M. Maciel, Mark M. Trapp, and Stuart M. Gerson

Yesterday, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit sent shockwaves through the country when they issued conflicting opinions on a key aspect of the ACA.  The cases are Halbig v. Burwell, D.C. Cir., No. 14-508 and King v. Burwell, 4^th Cir., No. 14-1158.  The question at issue in both cases was whether the IRS has the authority to administer subsidies in federally facilitated exchanges when the statute itself specifically authorizes subsides only in ...

In a complimentary webinar on February 20 (1:00 p.m. ET), our colleagues Frank C. Morris, Jr., and Adam C. Solander will review the ongoing impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on employers and their group health plans.

The Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service recently issued highly anticipated final regulations implementing the employer shared responsibility provisions of the ACA, also known as the employer mandate. The rules make several important changes in response to comments on the original proposed regulations issued in December 2012 and provide ...

By Constance Wilkinson, Alan Arville, and David Gibbons

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") Office of Inspector General ("OIG") released a Report [1] on February 5th based on in-depth interviews with a sample of thirty 340B Covered Entities – half were disproportionate share hospitals ("DSH") and half were community health centers ("CH") – and eight contract pharmacy administrators to gain a better understanding of how contract pharmacy arrangements operate under the 340B Drug Discount Program, codified as Section 340B of the Public Health Service Act ...

A recent article in Bloomberg BNA's Health Insurance Report will be of interest: "ACA's Employer 'Pay or Play' Mandate Delayed - What Now for Employers?" by Frank C. Morris, Jr., and Adam C. Solander, colleagues of ours, based in Epstein Becker Green's Washington, DC, office. Following is an excerpt:

The past few weeks have changed the way that most employers will prepare for the employer ‘‘shared responsibility'' provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Over the past year or so, employers have scrambled to understand their obligations with respect to the shared ...

I was recently quoted in an article titled "4th Circuit Upholds ACA's Employer Mandate, Says Insurance Regulation Within Commerce," by Mary Anne Pazanowski, in Bloomberg BNA's Health Care Daily Report. Following is an excerpt:

A unanimous U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit July 11 declared the Affordable Care Act's employer mandate a valid exercise of Congress's power to regulate commerce under the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause (Liberty University Inc. v. Lew, 4th Cir., No. 10-2347, 7/11/13).

In an opinion co-authored by Judges Diana Gribbon Motz, James A. Wynn ...

Our colleagues Kara Maciel, Frank C. Morris Jr., Elizabeth Bradley, and Adam Solander have posted a client advisory on the recent ACA employer mandate delay, exploring the ramifications and unresolved issues that employers should consider. Following is an excerpt:

In reaction to employers' concerns about the many difficulties posed in efforts to comply with the Employer Mandate provisions of the Affordable Care Act ("ACA"), the Obama administration ("Administration") announced late yesterday that it is delaying the implementation of the penalty provisions and other ...

By Greta Ravitsky

I wrote the January 2013 edition of Take 5: Views You Can Use, a newsletter published by the Labor and Employment practice of Epstein Becker Green.

In it, I summarize five actions that employers should consider taking in 2013 as the DOL steps up its audit efforts under the leadership of the reenergized Obama administration:

1. Assess the Workforce
2. Choose Whether to “Pay” or to “Play”
3. Evaluate Existing Wellness Programs and/or Implement New Wellness Programs to Enhance Employees’ Health Profiles and to Avoid or Minimize the “Cadillac Tax”
4. Understand and ...

On Friday, November 30, Epstein Becker Green attorneys Frank C. Morris, Jr., and Adam C. Solander offered a one-hour webinar titled “The New Wellness Program Regulations, Part of a Webinar Series on the New ACA Implementation Regulations: Employer Impact.” The webinar discussed:

• the proposed regulations and the impact these regulations could have on your overall wellness strategy
• areas where employer comment is needed
• recent wellness litigation trends
• where EEOC fits in the picture

The audio recording and presentation slides for "The New Wellness Program Regulations" ...

Epstein Becker Green is pleased to announce a webinar series for employers on the forthcoming rules and regulations implementing the Affordable Care Act ("ACA"). We expect the Administration to release a significant number of regulations in the near future which will directly impact employers.

EBG Health Care & Life Sciences and Labor & Employment practitioners, along with outside speakers, will provide in-depth analysis on proposed rules and regulations and how they will impact decisions that must be made by employers. The first webinar will take place on November 30.

Stay tuned ...

by Joan A. Disler, Michelle Capezza, and Gretchen Harders

Now that the Supreme Court of the United States has upheld essentially all of the provisions of the Obama administration’s Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), employers are faced with looming deadlines to bring their group health plans into compliance with the ACA’s numerous new requirements. We have prepared for employers a timeline of the highlights of the upcoming deadlines for compliance with the ACA that apply to non-grandfathered group health plans.

Click here to access a copy of the timeline (PDF).

Stuart Gerson, a Member of the Firm in the Litigation and Health Care and Life Sciences practices at Epstein Becker Green, authored an article titled "The Supreme Court Has Decided, but Can America Afford the Affordable Care Act?"

Following is an excerpt:

By now, every American who pays any attention to the news is aware that on the last day of its now concluded term, the U.S. Supreme Court, with its June 28 decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, U.S., No. 11-393, 6/28/12, has upheld essentially all of the Obama Administration's Affordable Care Act (ACA ...

On Monday, July 2, 2012, Epstein Becker Green conducted a webinar titled "Decision 2012: What's In, What's Out, and What's Next?" examining the monumental decision (PDF) issued by the Supreme Court of the United States on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

This webinar analyzed the decision and its implications for the states, the health care and life sciences industry, and employers. It also addressed potential congressional activity and the decision's impact on the presidential election.

Click here to view the recording of this webinar (WMV file)

By Stuart M. Gerson

By now, every American who pays any attention to the news is aware that the Supreme Court of the United States has upheld essentially all of the Obama administration's Affordable Care Act. We have posted a copy of the lengthy opinion, concurrence, and dissent on our website. For now, we should be focusing on what the case of National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius actually will cause to occur.

Read the full alert here

by Jay Gerzog, Dale Van Demark, Tamar Rosenberg, and Dawn Welch

Is it possible that the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) knows something we do not about the pending U.S. Supreme Court decision on PPACA?

Probably not, but that has not stopped the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) from issuing proposed regulations on June 26, 2012, with respect to three of the four new requirements for tax exemption of hospitals imposed by PPACA.

With the adoption of PPACA, Congress took its first concrete step toward toughening the standard for tax exemption in decades ...

by Daniel E. Gospin and Amy F. Lerman

As part of continued efforts to expand the Medicare Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) program, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced in November 2011 the implementation of a demonstration project that will allow RACs to conduct prepayment reviews on certain types of Medicare claims that historically have resulted in high rates of improper payments.

The prepayment review demonstration project will focus these efforts in 11 states—seven of which were selected because they have significant populations of fraud- and ...

by Joseph J. Kempf, Jr., and Jackie Selby

Evolving reimbursement models for health care providers (away from “fee for service” and toward “pay for performance” and risk sharing) raise interesting questions as to how such payments will be treated under the new medical loss ratio rules under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Some of the payments will not qualify as “medical expense” or “quality improvement activities” and will be treated as “administrative expense,” so providers and insurers and health plans may want to take these rules into ...

by Joseph J. Kempf, Jr., and Jane L. Kuesel

On April 12, 2012, Governor Andrew Cuomo issued an Executive Order requiring the State of New York to establish an American Health Benefit Exchange and Small Business Health Options Program in New York (together, the “Health Benefit Exchange”). The Governor’s action was taken in response to the mandate contained in Section 1311 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the New York Legislature’s failure to enact legislation to begin development of the Health Benefit Exchange. Although the Health Benefit Exchange is ...

By Stuart M. Gerson

The three days of arguments about the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act are complete. The Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States have conducted their post-argument conference and are now turning their attention to the drafting and the discussions that will lead to a majority opinion and, likely, several dissents and concurrences. The Court's decision should be issued before the end of June. Health care companies and employers, like the rest of the population, await the ultimate decision. However, there are several ...

by Jesse M. Caplan and Serra J. Schlanger

Since November 2011 the Center for Consumer Information & Insurance Oversight (“CCIIO”) in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has completed 22 reviews of health insurance premium rate increase filings in the individual and small group markets. Under the new federal rate review regulations, CCIIO has determined that six of the reviewed premium rate increases represented “unreasonable” increases while 16 of the rate increases were deemed “not unreasonable.”

This Implementing Health and Insurance Reform alert ...

by Pamela D. Tyner, Amy Lerman, and Lesley R. Yeung

The Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) program is a national program aimed at identifying Medicare program overpayments and underpayments through a review of individual Medicare claims by contractors paid on a contingency fee basis. Over the next year, the RAC program will expand its reach beyond the current focus on fee-for-service payments under Medicare Parts A and B to include Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage) and Part D (Prescription Drug Benefit) as well as state Medicaid programs. As Medicaid RAC programs get ...

by Shawn M. Gilman and Julia E. Loyd

On February 14, 2012, a final rule implementing Section 2715 of the Public Health Service Act, as added by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, regarding the requirements for group health plans and health insurance issuers to provide a summary of benefits and coverage (“SBC”) to interested parties was published in the Federal Register. As set forth in the final rule, an SBC must be provided upon request or the occurrence of certain events and the content and format of the SBC must be in accordance with the extensive requirements ...

by Kathleen A. Peterson, Benjamin S. Martin, Wendy C. Goldstein, and Constance A. Wilkinson

This issue of Implementing Health & Insurance Reform summarizes and discusses some issues raised by the proposed rule ("Proposed Rule") that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") published on February 2, 2012, to implement changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program ("MDRP") and to reimbursement limits for outpatient drugs covered by Medicaid.

In Part 1, we discuss proposals relating to the MDRP that would change the manner in which pharmaceutical manufacturers calculate ...

by Gretchen Harders, Daly D.E. Temchine, and Joseph J. Kempf, Jr.

On December 7, 2011, final rules on the medical loss ratio (“MLR”) requirements for insured health plans (and an interim final rule for non-federal governmental plans) were issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The MLR requirements are effective January 1, 2012, and any issuer who does not meet the MLR requirements for the 2011 MLR reporting year must pay rebates by August 1, 2012. This alert ...

by Jesse M. Caplan and Serra J. Schlanger

On November 21, 2011, the Center for Consumer Information & Insurance Oversight, in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), announced its determination that a health insurance premium rate increase of 11.58 percent in the small group market in Pennsylvania represented an “unreasonable” rate increase, while an 11.10 percent increase in the individual market in Montana did not. These long-awaited determinations represent the first application of CMS’s rate review regulations under federal health reform.

This ...

by Lesley R. Yeung, Shawn M. Gilman, and Serra J. Schlanger

On August 23, 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) Innovation Center announced a new initiative to encourage health care providers to better coordinate patient care. The Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative (“Bundled Payments Initiative”) seeks to align the financial incentives among hospitals, physicians, and non-physician practitioners through the use of a single negotiated payment for all services provided during an episode of care. The use of a bundled payment is ...

EBG Introduces Interactive National Rate Review Scorecard

by Jesse M. Caplan and Lynn Shapiro Snyder

Shortly after the September 1st effective date for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Rate Review Regulations, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published an Amendment to the Final Rule that revises the definitions of “Individual Market” and “Small Group Market” to include insurance policies sold to individuals and small groups through associations, whether or not the applicable state includes association coverage in its own definitions ...

EBG Introduces Interactive National Rate Review Scorecard

by Jesse M. Caplan and Lynn Shapiro Snyder

On May 23, 2011, the Center for Consumer Information & Insurance Oversight (CCIIO), in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published its Final Rule implementing Section 2794 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA).  This Section requires HHS to establish a process for the review of “unreasonable” health insurance premium rate increases in the individual and small group markets.  The Final Rule ...

by Lynn Shapiro Snyder,  Shawn M. Gilman,  Adam C. Solander, and Constance A. Wilkinson

On June 16, 2011, the Office of Personnel Management (“OPM”) released the Request for Information (“RFI”) regarding Section 1334 of the Affordable Care Act, which requires OPM to contract with health insurers to offer multi-state qualified health plans (“MSQHPs”). The purpose of the RFI is to provide OPM with information that will allow it to better understand the “interests and capabilities” of health insurance issuers that will offer MSQHPs through Health Insurance ...

by Lynn Shapiro Snyder, Clayton J. Nix, and Lesley R. Yeung

The U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) released a survey report on April 15, 2011, that is being used to satisfy a requirement in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) that the Secretary of Labor “conduct a survey of employer-sponsored coverage” as a condition precedent to the development of the “essential health benefits package” by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). This DOL survey is the first step in the process laid out in ACA for establishing the minimum benefits ...

by Lynn Shapiro Snyder and Amy F. Lerman

On April 14, 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced several initiatives that will offer states more flexibility to adopt innovative new practices in order to provide better and more coordinated care for Medicare and Medicaid enrollees who are dually eligible under both of these programs. Under one of these initiatives, 15 states have been awarded $1 million contracts to support the design of state demonstration projects that will aim to improve the coordination of care for dual eligibles. The Centers for Medicare ...

by Ross K. Friedberg, Shawn M. Gilman, and Lesley R. Yeung

On March 31, 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Inspector General, the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice, and the Internal Revenue Service released four separate issuances providing the public with the opportunity to comment on the creation of accountable care organizations eligible for participation in the voluntary Medicare Shared Savings Program ("MSSP"). This alert sets forth a listing of each of the places in which the ...

by Wendy C. Goldstein, Kathleen A. Peterson, Benjamin S. Martin, and Constance A. Wilkinson 

On September 3, 2010, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") issued a proposed rule withdrawing regulations governing the determination of "Average Manufacturer Price" ("AMP"), the definition of "Multiple Source Drug," and the application of federal upper reimbursement limits ("FULs") for Multiple Source Drugs (the "Proposed Rule"). This withdrawal would impact the applicable regulations finalized by CMS in 2007 and 2008 but would leave intact other sections of the 2007 ...

Now that we have sweeping new health care legislation, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("the Act"), let's look at the rollout of the accountable care provisions--i.e., those changes to the payment and delivery system that hold the most long-term promise of improving quality and cost-efficiency. They are discussed in my most recent article: "The Timeline for Accountable Care: The Rollout of the Payment and Delivery Reform Provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Implications for Accountable Care Organizations," published last week in ...

With the rejection in the Senate Finance Committee of two separate proposals to create a substantial public health insurance option and, instead, the approval of the relatively weak co-op proposal (which the CBO estimates to be unlikely to establish a meaningful presence and will result in only half the budget amount of $6 billion will be spent) it seemed as though the public option had breathed its last breath.  However, new developments indicate that the public option, in various forms, is still alive. 

Senator Schumer (D-NY), having failed to pass his “level playing ...

As the “Three Tenors” (Chairmen Waxman, Miller and Rangel) struggle to finance the access enhancements that are central to the President’s health reform aspirations, the need for meaningful payment reform continues to challenge. This week House Speaker Nancy Pelosi urged the Chairmen to sharpen their pencils in this regard. Moreover, in a letter to the Speaker and Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, the fiscally-conservative “Blue Dog” coalition of House Democrats has now said that the current drafts fail to include sufficient structural reforms likely to succeed in ...

For the last week or so, the health reform public policy debate has been keyed to the Senate HELP Committee’s draft and thus dominated by whether or not the “Exchange” to be employed in access reform should include a “public plan” and, if so, whether such a plan should have the power to access provider payment rates tied to Medicare and whether Medicare participating providers would be required to contract with it. With this week’s release of the Senate Finance Committee’s draft, it will be interesting to see whether payment reform can similarly capture the ...